Closed on Sundays. Effective PPV is considered the main intervention … Major concepts in the 2020 Neonatal Resuscitation guidelines are the same as in the 2015 guidelines. Saturday: 9AM - 5PM CST 2019. Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Pediatrics . Using a cuffed endotracheal tube decreases the need for endotracheal tube changes. Resuscitation Garron Helman 2020-11-25T20:49:43-05:00. In 2015, the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) published updated guidelines for neonatal resuscitation. Principles of Neonatal Resuscitation. The 2020 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC reflect the latest global resuscitation science and treatment recommendations derived from the 2020 International Consensus on CPR and ECC with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR). 43,000 Active NRP Providers. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-038505E. Neonatal Resuscitation: A Review. COVID-19 UPDATE- December 2020 PIPER Neonatal Resuscitation Programs. Prepared by Winny Li and Lorraine Lau, May 2020 General approach to neonatal resuscitation 1. In today’s video, we’re going to review the 2015 updated treatment algorithm for neonatal resuscitation… Furthermore, as rates of MAS and the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation continue to decline, the sample size to have adequate power for such a trial may be prohibitively large. This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) for neonatal life support includes evidence from 7 systematic reviews, 3 scoping reviews, and 12 evidence updates. In the absence of this proof, we continue to be guided by the tenet of first doing no harm and avoiding routine intubation and tracheal suctioning for nonvigorous infants born through MSAF.20 This study adds to the current body of literature to support that notion.10 However, the need still remains for further well-designed prospective studies to provide clearer answers to these questions. Contact Us FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: The authors have indicated they have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose. NRP Provider Manual www.resuscitation.org 5 Unit One: Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Neonate Cardiopulmonary Function of the Fetus Before birth, the neonate’s lungs and gastrointestinal system are not fully functional. High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the foundation of resuscitation. Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Academy of Pediatrics. It is a very deliberate process which has evolved since the inception of the program over 30 years ago. Although the decision to not intubate may benefit the individual patient, inadequate procedural experience for trainees and the subsequent decline in procedural skills may have other implications. Dallas, TX 75231 In recent studies, others have attempted to shed light on this question. Hi, everyone. Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) 2020 Overview Candidates must be healthcare providers (medical, nursing or paramedical allied health professionals) whose daily occupations demand proficiency in neonatal delivery room resuscitation. The American Heart Association is a qualified 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. Pre-registration and payment is required—see reverse side of this flyer for registration form. We do not capture any email address. Heart and Stroke Foundation Canada 2020. For patients with nonshockable rhythms, the earlier epinephrine is administered after CPR initiation, the more likely the patient is to survive. • The NRP Steering Committee uses the guidelines as the foundation for NRP 7th edition materials. 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Published: October 21, 2020 The 2020 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC reflect the latest global resuscitation science and treatment recommendations derived from the 2020 International Consensus on CPR and ECC with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR). Prepare for your upcoming NRP test and NRP skills session with free resources provided by ACLS.We offer a range of resources such as: NRP curriculum, practice test, AAP eBook, flashcards or visite the main page.ACLS can provide everything you need to improve your knowledge, pass your exams, and provide impeccable neonatal care. More recently, Kalra et al8 queried a large California database and showed no increase in the incidence or severity of MAS after adoption of the new guidelines. New data reaffirm the key components of high-quality CPR: providing adequate chest compression rate and depth, minimizing interruptions in CPR, allowing full chest recoil between compressions, and avoiding excessive ventilation. Classes shall cover videos, algorithms and new updates which came this year. 01. POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Drs Gupta and Lee are both current members of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program Steering Committee. In today’s video, we’re going to review the 2015 updated treatment algorithm for neonatal resuscitation, having babies. A retrospective study conducted by Chiruvolu et al7 revealed an increase in NICU admissions for respiratory causes and an increase in the need for mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, and use of surfactant after implementation of the new guidelines. In addition, specific recommendations about the training of resuscitation providers and systems of care are provided in their In 2007, the Japan Society of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine (JSPNM), which is a member of an affiliated body, launched the Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (NCPR) program as an authorized project to ensure that all staff … neonatal resuscitation. “PPV has been an emphasis of NRP (Neonatal Resuscitation Program) for a while. Updated Adult, Pediatric, and Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines in the Age of COVID-19 Jason T. McMullan, MD, MS, FAEMS reviewing Edelson DP et al. European Resuscitation Council 2020. Resuscitation. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000902, National Center In this study, the authors examined the clinical outcomes of term (≥37 weeks’ gestational age) infants born through MSAF at a single large academic center before and after adoption of the seventh edition NRP guidelines.10 They found no difference among the 2 groups in NICU admission rates, length of stay, and need for respiratory support on admission. Unlike adults, who experience cardiac arrest due to trauma or heart disease, newborn resuscitation is usually the result of respiratory failure, either before or after birth. Instead of en bloc revisions, the AHA now releases focused updates when new evidence meaningfully adds to existing guidelines on resuscitation and emergency care. • It differs from the algorithm published in the in the 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care: Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation in style and word Materials. In the interim our new Online Neonatal Resuscitation Program has been accessed by more than 500 registrants. The guidelines now recommend that providers 1) do not routinely intubate for tracheal suctioning in … † Positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) remains the main intervention in neonatal resuscitation. This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) for neonatal life support includes evidence from 7 systematic reviews, 3 scoping reviews, and 12 evidence updates. Commenting is now closed. It is worth learning this, as there may be questions on it in your exams. Tracheal suctioning of meconium at birth for non-vigorous infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 19th March 2020. 2,200 Active NRP Instructors. Epinephrine or norepinephrine infusions are used for fluid-refractory septic shock. NRP recommendations have since evolved, such that intubation was no longer recommended for vigorous infants born through MSAF after the fourth edition of the NRP guidelines was published in 2000.2. CPR indicates cardiopulmonary resuscitation; IHCA, in-hospital cardiac arrest; and OHCA, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 2020 Apr 9 The update refocuses resuscitation priorities to minimize exposure risks … 2020 American Heart Association Chains of Survival for IHCA and OHCA. NALS – Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm (NALS) Birth-> Some newborns without any apparent risk factors will require resuscitation, including assisted ventilation. Nonetheless, the results of this study added to ongoing speculation regarding the latest changes in the NRP guidelines. Other complementary educational techniques and modalities, including use of video laryngoscopy and expert modeling, have also been suggested.18 As the number of procedural opportunities continues to decrease, this will continue to be an ongoing problem. Australian and New Zealand Committee on Resuscitation 2020. Adult BLS Algorithm for Healthcare Providers. The AHA’s Guidelines for Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) were released on October 15 eccguidelines.heart.org and will appear, once again, within the Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation, 7th edition. The NRP 8th edition Algorithm • The NRP 8th edition algorithm is very similar to the NRP 7th edition algorithm (see Figure 1). ABCrather than CAB as recruitment of the lungs using positive pressure support, oxygenation and ventilation takes precedence over chest compressions 2. PDA closing; Group B Strep sepsis; Critical aortic stenosis; Coarctation; A few clinical notes. Guidelines 2020. The American Heart Association has published the 2020 Guidelines for Cardiovascular Care and Emergency Cardiac Care: Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation.The Neonatal Resuscitation Program will base revisions on these guidelines. ANZCOR Guidelines. Major concepts in the 2020 Neonatal Resuscitation guidelines are the same as in the 2015 guidelines. Episode 142 Neonatal Resuscitation With Emily MacNeill, Jabeen Fayyaz and Hilary Whyte Prepared by Winny Li and Lorraine Lau, May 2020 General approach to neonatal resuscitation 1. Want to take APLS algorithms everywhere you go? 1-800-AHA-USA-1 Resuscitation does not end with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The routine use of cricoid pressure does not reduce the risk of regurgitation during bag-mask ventilation and may impede intubation success. Top Things to Know: 2020 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation. Both of these large population-based studies were limited by the databases studied, which only contained infants admitted to the NICU. In the meantime, the answers (much like the consistency of MSAF) remain somewhat murky. Monday - Friday: 7AM - 9PM CST  Hi, everyone. Simulation may be an answer, although it cannot fully substitute for real-life experience. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Formula for Survival emphasizes 3 essential components for good resuscitation outcomes: guidelines based on sound resuscitation science, effective education of resuscitation providers, and implementation of effective and timely resuscitation. View the summary for 2020 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Aziz K, Lee HC, Escobedo MB, Hoover AV, Kamath-Rayne BD, Kapadia VS, Magid DJ, Niermeyer S, Schmölzer GM, Szyld E, Weiner GM, Wyckoff MH, Yamada NK, Zaichkin J. Systems Saving Lives — Scope. The 2015 Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm and the major concepts based on sections of the algorithm continue to be relevant in 2020 (Figure). Effective PPV … Neonatal Resuscitation: Overview \u0026 Apgar Score – Pediatrics | Lecturio doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000902. Three different types of evidence - evi dence updates) were used in the 2020 process. ABC rather than CAB as recruitment of the lungs using positive pressure support, oxygenation and ventilation takes precedence over chest compressions 2. NRP 2020/Neonatal Resuscitation 2020 NRP 2020/Neonatal Resuscitation 2020 by ENDEAVOUR FOR CHILD HEALTH 4 months ago 6 minutes, 7 seconds 2,908 views 2020 Updated , Guidelines , on , Neonatal resuscitation , Link to 2015 , NRP Guidelines , youtu.be/FmMg1fPcopU. In an era of value-based care, we are performing fewer procedures and interventions as we move toward safely doing less in many areas of medicine.11 Furthermore, because work-hour limits have reduced the time spent by pediatric trainees in inpatient settings, there are fewer opportunities for procedural experience, including neonatal intubation. Welcome back. Kattwinkel, J. et al. This algorithm is (c) Australia and New Zealand Resuscitation Councils and is endorsed as the recommended approach to neonatal resuscitation by APLS Australia. Retain is easily accessed on demand, helping medical professionals develop their resuscitation skills and knowledge anywhere, anyplace and anytime. Training Centres. Supporting Organisations 2020. Each of these resulted in a description of the literature that Competency in neonatal endotracheal intubation: mission impossible? In this study,10 an important additional question related to the potential decline of intubation experience in practitioners and trainees is also asked. Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care of the Neonate. To intubate or not to intubate an infant born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) has been a question that has challenged this often-quoted principle of first doing no harm, with the answer evolving significantly since the publication of the first Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) guidelines >30 years ago.1 Those who trained and practiced in the 1980s and 1990s remember an era when all infants born through MSAF (both vigorous and nonvigorous) were routinely intubated after delivery or when decisions to intervene were perhaps based on the consistency and thickness of the meconium. "PPV has been an emphasis of NRP (Neonatal Resuscitation Program) for a while. 2020 Oct 20;142(16_suppl_2):S524-S550. The search for clarity on the management of infants born through MSAF in the delivery room continues. Have the year 2000 neonatal resuscitation program guidelines changed the delivery room management or outcome of meconium-stained infants? > First, do no harm. 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Neonatal Resuscitation - January 27, 2021; CPR Algorithm Adjustments when Caring for Suspected or Confirmed COVID Cases - May 13, 2020; Introducing the 2020 CanadiEM Infographic Team - May 6, 2020 2021 Jan;147(Suppl 1):e2020038505E. resuscitation guidelines that fit the culture and resources of their region • The American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics wrote the neonatal guidelines for resuscitation and released these in October 2015. Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Circulation . Their study stands apart in that they identified and included all deliveries attended for term infants born through MSAF at their institution. Fluid resuscitation in sepsis is based on patient response and requires frequent reassessment. This section aims to help you understand the principles of this algorithm. My Song Can Save Lives. Wyllie J, Richmond S. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010. For children who do not regain consciousness after ROSC, this care includes targeted temperature management and continuous electroencephalography monitoring. They did not include potentially higher-risk late preterm infants in their cohort, nor did they limit their denominator to only those classified as nonvigorous at birth or to those admitted to the NICU. Welcome back. Balanced crystalloid, unbalanced crystalloid, and colloid fluids are all acceptable for sepsis resuscitation. Thanks to ANZCOR for allowing us to reproduce this flowchart here. Part 11: Neonatal Resuscitation. There is an emphasis on skills development and practice to improve PPV. They have been developed for resuscitation providers and AHA instructors to focus on the resuscitation science and guide- Changes include a new look for the algorithm and the addition of 10 take-home messages. This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) for neonatal … Opinions expressed in these commentaries are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the American Academy of Pediatrics or its Committees. ANZCOR guidelines and algorithms, including those released on 13 January 2016, are freely available on this web page.. ANZCOR is the Australian and New Zealand Committee on Resuscitation, of which the Australian Resuscitation Council and New Zealand Resuscitation Council are its members. Register for the pre-test and a skills session. Advanced Neonatal Life Support; Instructors. This is an … Have the 2015 Neonatal Resuscitation Program Guidelines changed the management and outcome of infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid? Aldhafeeri et al6 conducted a retrospective single-center study, comparing outcomes before and after implementation of the most recent NRP guidelines, and found no significant difference in meconium aspiration related complications between the 2 groups. Key additions to the 2015 NRP algorithm include consideration of using 3-lead electrocardiography (ECG) to monitor heart rate (HR) and initiating intubation before chest compressions. Author: American Heart Association Subject: Please contact the American Heart Association at ECCEditorial@heart.org or 1-214-706-1886 to request a long description of this image. Neonatal Resuscitation guidelines Major concepts in the 2020 Neonatal Resuscitation guidelines are the same as in the 2015 guidelines. In 2015, the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) published updated guidelines for neonatal resuscitation. This quandary is not new because opportunities for intubation, particularly in the delivery room, have been declining for some time.12–14 The 2000 NRP recommendations, limiting intubations for vigorous infants born through MSAF, began a decline in delivery room intubation opportunities.15 Other recent efforts to provide more noninvasive respiratory support for preterm infants have also led to subsequent decreases in neonatal intubation opportunities.16,17 The latest seventh edition NRP guidelines are just the latest set of recommendations advocating for less invasive interventions, leading to even fewer potential opportunities for neonatal intubation. This year, the American Heart Association released the updated 2020 Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care; the first update to the internationally recognized guideline in five years. After discharge from the hospital, cardiac arrest survivors can have physical, cognitive, and emotional challenges and may need ongoing therapies and interventions. Figure 2. COVID-19 Impact on First Aid and Resuscitation Training. Epub 2020 Oct 21. This 2020 CoSTR for NLS includes new topics addressed by systematic reviews … There is a very helpful neonatal life support algorithm from the UK resuscitation council, available on their website. However, do we do more harm by intubating or by not intubating these infants? The Neonatal Life Support Task Force generally determined by consensus the type of evidence evaluation to perform; the topics for the evidence updates followed consultation with International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation member resuscitation councils. Changes include a new look for the algorithm and the addition of 10 take-home messages. All scope documents. NRP is an educational program that introduces the concepts and skills of neonatal resuscitation. Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm Video. "PPV has been an emphasis of NRP (Neonatal Resuscitation Program) for a while. This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) for neonatal … The ARC recommends that the teaching of routine first aid and resuscitation courses should be postponed until the current COVID-19 pandemic has abated and expert consensus opinion is that there is no longer an unnecessary risk involved in participating in a course. Resuscitation training for health professionals. The guidelines serve as foundation for the Neonatal Resuscitation Program® (NRP®) 7th edition materials that will be released in Spring 2016 and must be in use by January 1, 2017. Neonatal Resuscitation guidelines. For all children, the prevention and/or treatment of hypotension, hyperoxia or hypoxia, and hypercapnia or hypocapnia is important. Other Resuscitation Councils 2020. However, the recommendation for management of nonvigorous infants born through MSAF remained unchanged until the most recent seventh edition of the NRP guidelines (published in 2016), which no longer recommended routine intubation and tracheal suctioning for nonvigorous infants born through MSAF.3 These recommendations were made partly after a review of a few smaller single-center randomized controlled trials in which tracheal suctioning was compared with no suctioning in nonvigorous infants born through MSAF.4,5 On the basis of this review and the lack of evidence to support routine intubation and tracheal suctioning of nonvigorous infants born through MSAF, the most recent NRP recommendations were made in the context of avoiding the potential harm of intubation and the subsequent delay in initiating the initial steps of neonatal resuscitation. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000902. Collaborators: Ishikawa G, Okuda M, Sekizawa A, Tanaka H, Masaoka N, Morizane M, Arahori H, Kabe K, Kubo M, Wada M. Author … 7272 Greenville Ave. The 2015 Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm and the major concepts based on sections of the algorithm continue to be relevant in 2020 . Whereas the initial program was based almost entirely on expert opin- Retain is a tabletop and digital simulator to complement the existing neonatal training. (Published 17 April 2020, updated 6 August 2020) Algorithm: Resuscitation Council UK has produced an algorithm on Newborn Life Support for COVID-19 patients. Although many welcomed the previous change away from intubating vigorous and crying infants born through MSAF, the more recent recommendation to not routinely intubate nonvigorous infants born through MSAF has been met with greater trepidation. However, no difference in the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) was observed. But the traditional major updates which goes at a five-year interval continues nonetheless. Predicting neonatal intubation competency in trainees. Key additions to the 2015 NRP algorithm include consideration of using 3-lead electrocardiography (ECG) to monitor heart rate (HR) and initiating intubation before chest compressions. Circulation, 122 (18 Suppl 3), S909-919. Background and Objective. The Neonatal Life Support Task Force generally determined by consensus the type of evidence evaluation to … There is an emphasis on skills development and practice to improve PPV. Section 7. Pediatr Int. A group of three updates address neonatal resuscitation, pediatric basic life support, and pediatric advanced life support recommendations. 02. In Canada, NRP is administered by the Canadian Paediatric Society and is designed to teach individuals and teams who may be required to resuscitate newborn babies. February 24, 2020. In this issue of Hospital Pediatrics, Myers and Gupta10 submit another entry into the literature to help us answer these questions. Although population-based studies benefit from large numbers of infants across multiple centers, there is often a lack of detail on the characteristics of meconium, the infant, and the therapies received at the time of delivery.8,9 A large multicenter randomized controlled trial would be optimal in answering the question of ideal management for nonvigorous infants born through MSAF. Resuscitation 2010; 81: e255–82. Naloxone can reverse respiratory arrest due to opioid overdose, but there is no evidence that it benefits patients in cardiac arrest. When performing neonatal resuscitation always consider whether you need help. Resuscitation Month For PGs- February 2021: Postgraduate Students, next month we shall study 2020 New Guidelines of Neonatal Resuscitation Program and Pediatric Advanced Life Support! 8 The 2020 neonatal guidelines contain recommendations, based on the best available resuscitation science, for the most impactful steps to perform in the birthing room and in the neonatal … This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. These 2020 AHA neonatal resuscitation guidelines are based on the extensive evidence evaluation performed in conjunction with the ILCOR and affiliated ILCOR member councils. Unauthorized use prohibited. February 24, 2020. Free Resources for Neonatal Resuscitation Exam Preparation . They did find a decrease in the need for respiratory support after the first day of life, improvement in 1-minute Apgar scores, and a decrease in the number of delivery room intubations. In the meantime, further well-designed observational studies are useful in adding to the current available evidence. Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas. Epidemiology — Scope. The neonatal resuscitation algorithm remains unchanged. ©2021 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. In the current era, we have to question whether residency training and NRP training are enough for trainees to gain proficiency in neonatal intubation. All the studies to date have had various strengths and limitations. In this cohort study, the authors looked specifically at nonvigorous infants born through MSAF and noted that the proportion of these infants declined from 10% to 8% after adoption of the recent NRP guidelines. 110 Active NRP Instructor-Trainers. Positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) remains the main intervention in neonatal resuscitation. Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Circulation. Resuscitation Guidelines in 2020 Updates on the Review of Science Process id you ever wonder how the guidelines for neo-natal resuscitation are developed? A respiratory rate of 20 to 30 breaths per minute is new for infants and children who are (a) receiving CPR with an advanced airway in place or (b) receiving rescue breathing and have a pulse. Scientific Sessions 2020 OnDemand Extended Access – with 120 hours of CME/CE, Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vascular Biology, Cardiac Development Structure and Function, Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Other Cardiovascular and Stroke Related Conferences, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy for Professionals, Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science (A-TRAC), Institute for Precision Cardiovascular Medicine, Part 5: neonatal resuscitation: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Top Things to Know: 2020 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.971119 In this month's EM Quick Hits podcast we have Salim Rezaie on clinical probability adjusted D-dimer for pulmonary embolism, Bourke Tillmann on ARDS for the ED Part 2, Brit … It has already been shown that a majority of residents are currently unable to achieve competency in neonatal intubation.18,19 So, how do we train the next generation so that they are proficient in these procedures? Customer Service *Red Dress ™ DHHS, Go Red ™ AHA ; National Wear Red Day® is a registered trademark. 1-800-242-8721 The following sections are worth special attention. High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the foundation of resuscitation. ACLS Algorithm for Covid-19 May 2020; Advanced Cardiac Arrest; Anaphylaxis; BLS for Healthcare Providers; BLS Algorithm for Covid-19 May 2020; Bradycardia Management; Choking; CPR for everyone; CPR for Everyone Covid 19 ; CPR for everyone IsiZulu; CPR for everyone IsiXhosa; Newborn Resuscitation; Post Cardiac Arrest Care; Tachycardia Excellent post–cardiac arrest care is critically important to achieving the best patient outcomes. There is an emphasis on skills development and practice to improve PPV.
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