According to the Sumerian flood myth, the Gods decide to send a flood to destroy mankind. In 25th century BC, Eannatum, king of the Sumerian city of Lagash, began a military campaign to annex the various city states. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grains with the barley-based concoction being their preferred ale. This weakened areas where Sumerian was spoken. Also, since Sumerian cities were surrounded by defensive walls, they might have invented siege warfare. It was used for over 3,500 years; and was adapted for writing multiple languages including Akkadian, Hittite and Urartian. This led to several advancements in military technology and techniques. The later Kings from the twenty-fifth dynasty ruled over Napata, Meroe, and Egypt. Yet, over 7,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, the very first cities were created. The Sumerians were among world’s first astronomers. The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. South Mesopotamia came to be known as Babylonia as the Sumerians were eventually absorbed into the Assyro-Babylonian population. Among the first cities in the region, it played a leading role in urbanization and state formation in Sumer during what is known as the Uruk period (4000â3200 BC). Uruk’s growth made it the largest Sumerian settlement, in both population and area. Re-creation of the port at Eridu #3 Mesopotamian city Uruk was perhaps the largest city in the world at the time. It was re-deciphered in the 19th century with the help of the Behistun Inscription, which consisted of identical text in the 3 official languages of the Persian Empire: Old Persian, Akkadian and Elamite. It was founded around 5400 BC on the coast of the Persian Gulf in southern Mesopotamia. The king who ruleth among the kings of the cities am I. It was located in modern-day southern Iraq and at its peak the population of the area is estimated to be between 0.8 million to 1.5 million. The search for your forgotten memories begins after a millennia of injury-induced rest. In 3rd millennium BC, there was a close cultural symbiosis between Sumerians and Akkadians which included widespread bilingualism. The sculptures were sometimes accompanied by inscriptions that called upon the winged bulls to deter enemies and protect the king. After the flood is over the animals leave the ship and the Gods give Ziusudra eternal life for “preserving the animals and the seed of mankind”. At its height, around 2900 BC, it had a population between 40,000 and 80,000 living in 6 km2 of walled area. The Hero-Kings of Akkad. Assyrian kings often had pairs of winged bulls flanking the entrance to their palaces. Gutian dynasty ruled Sumer for roughly a century. The Sumerian city-states were involved in near-constant wars through its history. Archaeologists have found inscriptions that credit Gilgamesh with building Uruk’s massive defensive walls and restoring a temple. Ur-Nammu was a Sumerian king of the city-state Ur who reigned from around 2047 to 2030 BC. The most famous achievement of Sumer is invention of the cuneiform script around 3400 BC. Knowledge of how to read cuneiform was lost by 2nd century AD as it was replaced by alphabetic writing. Akkadian, which gets its name from the city of Akkad, is the earliest attested Semitic language. Among the first cities in the region, it played a leading role in urbanization and state formation in Sumer during what is known as the Uruk period (4000â3200 BC). It lost its prime importance around 2000 BC but continued to be inhabited till it was finally abandoned shortly before the Muslim conquest of Persia in 651 AD. The last ruler before the flood is Ziusudra with a reign of 3600 years. The code gives us a glimpse of societal structure in late Sumer. This is the first book to reveal how life was lived in ten Mesopotamian cities: from Eridu, the Mesopotamian Eden, to that potent symbol of decadence, Babylon, the first true metropolisâmulticultural, multi-ethnic, the last center of a dying civilization. The earliest known depiction of a phalanx-like formation is in a Sumerian stele from 25th century BC. There are several other flood myths with many similarities to the Sumerian account like the story of the Hindu king Manu in the Matsya Purana; and most famously the Genesis flood narrative in the Bible. Though they lost their separate identity, Sumerians bequeathed many aspects of their culture to their successors in the region. There have been various theories to explain these flood myths including a hypothesis that a meteor crashed into the Indian Ocean around 3000â2800 BC generating a mega-tsunami that flooded coastal lands.