It spread all over the Indian Ocean. Anthropologists had initially expected the aboriginal population of the Andaman Islands to be badly affected by the tsunami and even feared the already depopulated Onge tribe could have been wiped out. [78] Given the enormous power of the tsunami, the fishing industry suffered the greatest. Much of the ecological expertise has been rendered from work with the Great Barrier Reef, in Australia's northeastern waters. Such disasters can predispose to mental health problems among the affected people. Perarakan Hari Kebangsaan. On the western coast, the runup elevations were 4.5 m (15 ft) at Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu and 3.4 m (11 ft) each at Kollam and Ernakulam districts in Kerala. As well, the tsunami was large enough to be detected in Vancouver, which puzzled many scientists, as the tsunamis measured in some parts of South America were larger than those measured in some parts of the Indian Ocean. The direct results caused major disruptions to living conditions and commerce in coastal provinces of surrounded countries, including Aceh (Indonesia), Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu (India) and Khao Lak (Thailand). Helicopter surveys showed entire settlements virtually destroyed with destruction within miles inland, and only some mosques left standing. The humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake of a magnitude of 9.1 was prompted by one of the worst natural disasters of modern times. The momentum of the water displaced by tectonic uplift had also dragged massive slabs of rock, each weighing millions of tonnes, as far as 10 km (6 mi) across the seabed. [43][44], According to Tad Murty, vice-president of the Tsunami Society, the total energy of the tsunami waves was equivalent to about 5 megatons of TNT (21 PJ), which is more than twice the total explosive energy used during all of World War II (including the two atomic bombs) but still a couple of orders of magnitude less than the energy released in the earthquake itself. Bangladesh, which lies at the northern end of the Bay of Bengal, had few casualties despite being a low-lying country relatively near the epicentre. In their report, the Tsunami Evaluation Coalition stated, "It should be remembered that all such data are subject to error, as data on missing persons especially are not always as good as one might wish". The rising magma intrudes into the crust above and exits the Earth's crust through volcanoes in the form of a volcanic arc. For example, the folklore of the Onges talks of "huge shaking of ground followed by high wall of water". In Xaafuun, small drawbacks were observed before the third and most powerful tsunami wave flooded the town. Almost all of the Onge people seemed to have survived the tsunami. "Ottawa Opens Door to Tsunami Immigrants." The volcanic activity that results as the Indo-Australian Plate subducts the Eurasian Plate has created the Sunda Arc. All of them are believed to be greater than magnitude 9, but no accurate measurements were available at the time. The sea receded and exposed the seabed, prompting locals to collect stranded fish and explore the area. The south and east coasts were worst hit. The earliest, lower amplitude signal is that of the compressional (P) wave, which takes about 22 minutes to reach the other side of the planet (the antipode; in this case near Ecuador). This is unusual since earthquakes of magnitude eight or more occur only about once per year on average. [63] The second wave was the largest; it came from the west-southwest within five minutes of the first wave. About 10 minutes later, the sea receded for a while before the tsunami arrived again as a large wall of water looming over the skyline and flooding the coast. Rumah, kereta, bot nelayan banyak yang musnah. A 2006 study estimated a magnitude of Mw 9.1–9.3; Hiroo Kanamori of the California Institute of Technology estimates that Mw 9.2 is representative of the earthquake's size. The locals reported 10 to 12 tsunamis, with the second and third waves being the highest and most destructive. The impact of the waves was so severe that four oil tankers were thrown almost 800 m (2,600 ft) from the seashore near Malacca to the Air force colony main gate. The sudden vertical rise of the seabed by several metres during the earthquake displaced massive volumes of water, resulting in a tsunami that struck the coasts of the Indian Ocean. On 26 December 2004, the earthquake, which struck off the northwest coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra, generated a tsunami that wreaked havoc along much of the rim of the Indian Ocean. The state of Kerala experienced tsunami-related damage in three southern densely populated districts, Ernakulam, Alappuzha, and Kollam, due to diffraction of the waves around Sri Lanka. It has been reported that severe damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such as mangroves, coral reefs, forests, coastal wetlands, vegetation, sand dunes and rock formations, animal and plant biodiversity and groundwater. Ghosh Roy. A man surveys tsunami damage off the coast of Lunawa, southern Sri Lanka. The 2004 Malaysian Grand Prix (officially the 2004 Petronas Malaysian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 21 March 2004 at the Sepang International Circuit won by Michael Schumacher for Ferrari.This was also the first podium for future World Champion … The tsunami heights from the 2004 December earthquake This ripple effect could especially be felt in the inland provinces of Thailand, such as Krabi, which acted as a starting point for many other tourist destinations in Thailand. Reporting from Penang, Wong Chun Wai wrote in The Star: Shortly after noon, a tremor hit Penang, sending workers of Komtar running out of their offic… Malaysia was largely spared from the December 2004 tsunami in part because the earthquake that generated the tsunami was on the west side of Sumatra and Malaysia lies on the east side of Sumatra, largely protected from the tsunami by Sumatra itself. Vetter S, Rossegger A, Elbert T, Gerth J, Urbaniok F, Laubacher A, Rossler W, Endrass J. BMC Public Health. On 30 December 2004, four days after the tsunami, Terra Research notified the India government that its sensors indicated there was a possibility of 7.9 to 8.1 magnitude tectonic shift in the next 12 hours between Sumatra and New Zealand. [needs update][128] UNEP has decided to earmark a US$1 million emergency fund and to establish a Task Force to respond to requests for technical assistance from countries affected by the tsunami. Furthermore, at the coastal town of Kanyakumari, the seabed was exposed briefly before a large wall of water can be seen on the horizon and subsequently flooding the town. It Altogether, an estimated 230,000 to 260,000 people died in the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. This footage was filmed from the hotel next door to where I was staying in Malaysia on Boxing Day 2004, the day that the devastating tsunami struck Asia. It was the first time in Malaysia’s history to witness the ferocity of the frightening tsunami. On 9 February 2005, President Bush asked Congress to increase the U.S. commitment to a total of US$950 million. Don't tell me to google it or give me a link just write it here. Video footage revealed torrents of black water, surging by windows of a two-story residential area situated about 3.2 km (2.0 mi) inland. A series of massive tsunami waves grew up to 30 m (100 ft) high once heading inland, after being created by the underwater seismic activity offshore. These were India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the … Epidemics were of particular concern due to the high population density and tropical climate of the affected areas. The second wave was the strongest. For example, in the United Kingdom, the public donated roughly £330 million sterling (nearly US$600 million). The quiet resort town of Khao Lak is located on a stretch of golden sandy beach, famed for its hotels overlooking the Andaman Sea and hilly rainforests. [139], In a poll conducted in 27 countries, 15% of respondents named the tsunami the most significant event of the year. [17] Although the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has accepted these new numbers, the United States Geological Survey has so far not changed its estimate of 9.1. A group of health care workers, school teachers, village authorities, and volunteers were trained to carry out the crisis intervention program by health care workers experienced in crisis interventions. The earthquake was the third-most-powerful earthquake recorded since 1900. Bethesda, MD 20894, Copyright It also slightly changed the shape of the Earth, specifically by decreasing Earth's oblateness by about one part in 10 billion, consequentially increasing Earth's rotation a little and thus shortening the length of the day by 2.68 microseconds.[150]. This indicates that the intervention program in the first 2 weeks after the tsunami disaster with referrals to medical services may have helped stabilize the victims. Other aftershocks of up to magnitude 6.6 continued to shake the region daily for three or four months. There was 10 m (33 ft) movement laterally and 4–5 m (13–16 ft) vertically along the fault line. [72] Amateur camcorder footage taken by Israeli tourists showed the tsunami advancing inland suddenly as a small flood, gradually becoming more powerful and engulfed the whole beach and resort, with a yacht boat can be seen carried by the tsunami out to sea. By February 2005, the earthquake's effects were still detectable as a 20 μm (0.02 mm; 0.0008 in) complex harmonic oscillation of the Earth's surface, which gradually diminished and merged with the incessant free oscillation of the Earth more than four months after the earthquake.[33]. The eastern shores of Sri Lanka were the hardest hit since it faced the epicentre of the earthquake, while the southwestern shores were hit later, but the death toll was just as severe. Khao Lak also experienced the largest tsunami run-up height outside of Sumatra. Keywords—Indonesian tsunami 2004, Nested Model, Shallow water equations, Penang Island. December 2004: On December 26, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake struck off the Indonesian island of Sumatra, triggering a tsunami that killed tens of thousands of people in … Uncountable wells that served communities were invaded by sea, sand, and earth; and aquifers were invaded through porous rock. [119], While the tsunami destroyed many of the boats vital to Sri Lanka's fishing industry, it also created a demand for fibreglass reinforced plastic catamarans in boatyards of Tamil Nadu. Kuantan, Pahang; Kelahiran Credit: AP. [53] On Maikhao Beach in north Phuket City, Thailand, a 10-year-old British tourist named Tilly Smith had studied tsunamis in geography at school and recognised the warning signs of the receding ocean and frothing bubbles.