Hypersplenism is a cytopenia resulting from blood pooling in the spleen and is almost always associated with splenomegaly. A lab that suspects its instrument has a clogged aperture that will not clear should discontinue use of the analyzer and contact the Beckman Coulter customer support center to request service. Haptoglobin binds to free hemoglobin and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress.Doctors test hemoglobin to check for abnormal destruction of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia). Question 15 1 out of 1 points For a patient experiencing hypersplenism, the nurse expects the erythrocytes to be: Selected Answer: c. Sequeste red Correct Answer: c. Sequeste red Question 16 0 out of 1 points A 20-year-old female undergoes lab testing for anemia. We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site. Hypersplenism is sometimes referred to as enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), but in fact an enlarged spleen is one of the symptoms of hypersplenism. 2009 Jun. In most cases of pancytopenia, referral to a hematologist will be important for purposes of diagnosis and/or management. Blood is analyzed in a lab. Red blood cell morphology is generally normal except for teardrop forms and occasional spherocytosis. This suggests that an acquired hypersplenism aggravated the hemolytic process. Compensatory bone marrow hyperplasia occurs in those cell lines that are reduced in the circulation. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech . The term hypersplenism describes some of the sequelae that are often observed with splenomegaly. Hypersplenism may also be caused by tumors. Alpha thalassemia major with hemoglobin Bart's usually results in fatal hydrops fetalis. We also observed improvement after splenectomy as previously noted by others. Each may be found separately, or they may coexist. Hypersplenism may occur as a primary disease (brought on by a problem within the spleen itself), leading to other complications, or as a secondary disease, resulting fro… Description The spleen is located in the upper left area of the abdomen. The trusted provider of medical information since 1899. Exclusive bonus features include Diagnosaurus DDx, 200 pediatrics topics, and medical news feeds. Mr. Smith is scheduled for a splenectomy for hypersplenism. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information:   A list of disorders producing splenomegaly and hypersplenism is presented in Table 132.4. Possibly splenic ablation (splenectomy or radiation therapy), Vaccination and prophylactic antibiotics for splenectomized patients. This is a general look on the number of cells in the bone marrow. Your doctor generally can't feel a normal-sized spleen in adults but can feel an enlarged spleen. Patients who develop fever should receive empiric antibiotics because rapidly fatal sepsis can sometimes occur. Elevated BUN and creatinine. Enlargement of the spleen results in sequestration of formed blood elements, leading to peripheral cytopenias and concomitant bone marrow precursor hyperplasia. Common genetic variants in the haptoglobin gene have been associated with heart disease, diabetes, and other inflammatory and immune disorders. Platelet function disorders. If you have your blood drawn in a lab, you will be able to leave right after the test and return to your clinic or home to be notified of the results. Results show high iron, bilirubin, and transferrin and low hemoglobin and hematocrit. Splenomegaly is the hallmark; spleen size correlates with the degree of cytopenia. Ei ssa LA, Gad LS, Rabie AM and El-Gayar AM: T hrombopoietin . Your doctor will interpret your results in conjunction with your symptoms, medical history, and other test results. Your spleen is an organ located just below your left rib cage. hypersplenism: Definition Hypersplenism is a type of disorder which causes the spleen to rapidly and prematurely destroy blood cells. Hypersplenism can also lead to complications due to decreased blood cell counts. The Merck Manual was first published in 1899 as a service to the community. Symptoms include easy bruising, easy contracting of bacterial diseases, fever, weakness, heart palpitations, and ulcerations of the mouth, legs and feet. Hypersplenism is a secondary process that can arise from splenomegaly of almost any cause (see table Common Causes of Splenomegaly). Clinically, if a spleen is palpable (felt via external examination), it means it is enlarged as it has to undergo at least twofold enlargement to become palpable. Hypersplenism is suspected in patients with splenomegaly and anemia or cytopenias. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis C, portal hypertension - all of these liver diseases increase the risk for hypersplenism. Stage the disease ; Show response to treatment. The results are of limited value in common diagnoses, and the procedure is associated with a notable risk, particularly bleeding. C61, D63.0. Many disorders, including infections, anemias, and cancers, can cause an enlarged spleen. Hypersplenism may occur as a primary disease (brought on by a problem within the spleen itself), leading to other complications, or as a secondary disease, resulting from an underlying disease or disorder. The evaluation of isolated neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia are presented separately. Other symptoms may be present that reflect the underlying disease that has caused hypersplenism. The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ which can influence the progression of multiple diseases, notably liver cirrhosis. Hypersplenism in cirrhosis 225 90-0 80-_70-_o070*0 0 *0 E 60- ~~~50-~~ 40-o 50 30-20 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Venous hoemotocrit (%) FIG. It is an irreversible late stage of liver damage but alcohol abstinence can help. X-ray studies, such as ultrasound and computed tomography scan (CT scan), may help diagnose an enlarged spleen and possible underlying causes, such as tumors. Studies were done in an effort to define the nature of the acquired extracorpuscular defect (hypersplenism). Macroscopically, the liver will appear shrunken in size with regenerating micronodules.. Microscopically, fibrosis will disrupt the normal architecture into small regenerating nodules. A high-fat diet may cause decreased PT, and alcohol can cause an increased PT result. RESULTS: The mean time to ... Hypersplenism, secondary to portal hypertension, is commonly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic patients, resulting in anemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia[1-3]. One of the spleen's major functions is to remove blood cells from the body's bloodstream. Spleen disorders in general are almost always secondary in nature. Question 15 1 out of 1 points For a patient experiencing hypersplenism, the nurse expects the erythrocytes to be: Selected Answer: c. Sequeste red Correct Answer: c. Sequeste red Question 16 0 out of 1 points A 20-year-old female undergoes lab testing for anemia. Criteria for a diagnosis of hypersplenism … Blood tests indicate decreases in white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets. Hyperlipidemia has no symptoms, so the only way to detect it is to have your doctor perform a blood test called a lipid panel or a lipid profile. Hypersplenism Bone marrow failure (e.g. The results of our study indicate that thalidomide improved the platelet count in patients with secondary hypersplenism, and this was associated with a progressive but non-significant reduction in spleen size during the 12-month treatment course. Unless other mechanisms coexist to compound their severity, anemia and other cytopenias are modest and asymptomatic (eg, platelet counts, 50 to 100 × 103/mcL [50 to 100 × 109/L]; white blood cell counts, 2500 to 4000/mcL [2.5 to 4 × 109/L] with normal white cell differential count). Lab Test (0) Tables (1) Videos (0) ... Recurrent infections, symptoms of anemia, or bleeding manifestations suggest cytopenia and possible hypersplenism. Results show high iron, bilirubin, and transferrin and low hemoglobin and hematocrit. In chronic liver diseases, splenomegaly and hypersplenism can manifest following the development of portal hypertension. Alcoholic steatohepatitis, cell necrosis, and apoptosis will lead to extensive activation of fibrosis. NURS 6501 Week 7 QUIZ 1 1. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! Another test measures red blood cells in the liver and spleen after injection of a radioactive substance, and indicates areas where the spleen is holding on to large numbers of red cells or is destroying them. Causes listed below are commonly associated with low haptoglobin levels. 5-Minute Clinical Consult (5MCC) app and website powered by Unbound Medicine helps you diagnose and manage 900+ medical conditions. We also observed improvement after splenectomy as previously noted by others. However, in some people — especially those who are slender — a healthy, normal-sized spleen can sometimes be felt during an exam.Your doctor may confirm the diagnosis of an enlarged spleen with one or more of these tests: 1. 28. in leukaemia) Whole body radiation Monocyte count Bacterial infection Autoimmune diseases Leukaemias/ Hodgkin’s disease Acute infections After the biopsy specimen or aspirate is sent to the lab, results come out: To confirm or contradict the diagnosis. Hypersplenism is suspected in patients with splenomegaly and anemia or cytopenias. Lab Test (0) Tables (1) Videos (1) ... An enlarged spleen is not a disease in itself but the result of an underlying disorder. Hypersplenism occurs as a result of splenomegaly, in a variety of ways. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America. in leukaemia) Felty’s syndrome Lymphocyte count Viral infection Chronic infections CLL/ lymphoma Viral infection HIV Post-chemotherapy Bone marrow failure (e.g. laboratory (lab) technologies, and the advancements in hematology instrumentations [1–7], the methods of ... abnormal results looks simple, the grading itself is ... Hypersplenism Myeloid metaplasia Megaloblastic anemia Iron deficiency anemia Cancer cytotoxic The conditions that cause splenomegaly and subsequent hypersplenism can be infectious diseases, hyperplastic conditions, congestion, infiltrative diseases and various other causes. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in the treatment of hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis or thalassemia. Collagen vascular disease is an autoimmune disorder where the body’s antibodies attack the connective tissues, leading to … One of this organ's major functions is to remove blood cells from the body's bloodstream. Because the intact spleen protects against serious infections with encapsulated bacteria, splenectomy should be avoided whenever possible, and patients undergoing splenectomy require prior vaccination against infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Lab findings: Low hemoglobin. As far as infectious diseases are concerned, any type of pathogen can potentially lead to hypersplenism. Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. In cases of hypersplenism, this normal function accelerates, and the spleen begins to automatically remove cells that may still be normal in function. Partial splenic embolization (PSE) is another optional therapy for hypersplenism. A staff member wants to know where the greatest proportion of iron is located. It's often discovered during a routine physical exam. It c an result from any splenomegaly. Those therapies will be tried prior to removal of the spleen (splenectomy), which is avoided if possible. Side effects are uncommon, but may include bruising at the site of the draw (a hematoma), persistent bleeding, and rarely, infection. The sensitivity for detection of ultrasound-documented splenic enlargement is 60 to 70% for palpation and 60 to 80% for percussion. Secondary hypersplenism results from another disease such as chronic malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, or polycythemia vera, a blood disorder. Alcoholic cirrhosis. Patients should also receive the influenza vaccine and may need other vaccinations according to their clinical situation. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! It has been observed that a number of liver conditions can also cause hypersplenism. Signs and symptoms. The pulmonologist performs a pre-operative screening. Then, technicians compare results to a “reference range.” The reference range is the range of expected values for each test listed. Collagen is a connective tissue that binds ligaments, bones and muscles. A 21-year-old female was recently diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. hypersplenism: Definition Hypersplenism is a type of disorder which causes the spleen to rapidly and prematurely destroy blood cells. Concerned or curious about your health? GTR; MeSH; C Clinical test, R Research test, O OMIM, G GeneReviews, V ClinVar C R O G V Hypersplenism; Congenital, Hereditary, and … ... Hypersplenism often results in anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia caused by … Biopsy results mainly involve the following categories: Cellularity . Hypersplenism can occur with moderate or minimal splenic enlargement as a result of exaggerated removal of physically abnormal (e.g., as in hereditary spherocytosis) or antibody-coated blood cells (e.g., as in autoimmune hemolytic anemia). Sometimes, a physician can feel an enlarged spleen. The diagnosis is occasionally recognized after splenectomy. ... Hypersplenism can be defined by thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia resulting from blood cell sequestration in an enlarged spleen. After the biopsy specimen or aspirate is sent to the lab, results come out: To confirm or contradict the diagnosis. The diagnostic approach to an adult patient with pancytopenia will be discussed here. l’hypertension portale non cirrhotique à travers une série de 3 cas. Normal MCV 80 to 95 fL. An enlarged spleen is usually detected during a physical exam. Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy for hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis. Anemia is a common problem that is often discovered on routine laboratory tests. Given the poor preoperative situation, increased surgical risks and poor long-term survival, hypersplenism is considered a contraindication for HCC patients … Normal MCH ≥27 pg. The results described above suggest that coeliac disease is a common cause of unexplained hypo-splenism, and that hyposplenism is commonly associated with autoimmunity. The presence of splenomegaly in a patient with blood … Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge. Please confirm that you are a health care professional. Hypersplenism (58381000); Big spleen syndrome (58381000); Hypersplenia (58381000) HPO: HP:0001971: Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0006795: Definition. Depending on the apparent etiology, bone marrow biopsy may be needed. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. Pancytopenia is a condition that occurs when a person has low counts for all three types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Studies were done in an effort to define the nature of the acquired extracorpuscular defect (hypersplenism). Your doctor can often feel it by gently examining your left upper abdomen. Symptoms are usually not very specific but can include fullness or pain in the upper left abdomen or back. Bone marrow biopsy results. The blood is put into a centrifuge and spun until it separates. Physical examination, sometimes ultrasonography. One of this organ's major functions is to remove blood cells from the body's bloodstream. Pathogenesis. Most patients will develop an enlarged spleen, anemia, leukopenia, or abnormally low white blood cell counts, or thrombocytopenia, a deficiency of circulating platelets in the blood. Results consistent with neoplasm may prompt fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for BCR-ABL or Jak 2. Other clinical findings usually result from the underlying disorder. Your spleen is an organ located just below your left rib cage. The results are of limited value in common diagnoses, and the procedure is associated with a notable risk, particularly bleeding. Talk … Try The Analyst™, We use cookies for traffic analysis, advertising, and to provide the best user experience, have a doctor review your case (optional). Splenectomy specimens from 65 dogs with severe, diffuse, sustained, and progressive splenomegaly were examined. In the NCLEX, some questions supply laboratory results with no indication of the normal lab levels so you’ll have to familiarize yourself with them. , MD, DHC, University of Minnesota Medical School. Work with your doctor or another health care professional to get an accurate diagnosis. This test determines your cholesterol levels. This is a very common lab test and is usually performed as a routine hospital admission screening test. Bone marrow biopsy results. Its prevalence increases with age, reaching 44 percent in men … The normal removal of the RBCs: RBCs destruction occurs after a mean life span of 120 days when these are removed in the extravascular space by the MN phagocytic system, especially in the bone marrow and the spleen, and the liver. One of the spleen's major functions is to remove blood cells from the body's bloodstream. Many of the common etiologies are listed below. notre travail est d’évaluer la place de la splénectomie dans. Many conditions — including infections, liver disease and some cancers — can cause an enlarged spleen, also known as splenomegaly (spleh-no-MEG-uh-lee).An enlarged spleen usually doesn't cause symptoms. 19(3):258-62. hypersplenism, leukemia. The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ which can influence the progression of multiple diseases, notably liver cirrhosis. the splenic tissues, which e ventually results in hypersplenism. INTRODUCTION. Before his splenectomy, he is required to have clearance from his pulmonologist. Hypersplenism is known to be an important aspect of liver disease and has prognostic significance for survival [16]. The rectangle repre- sents the limits of the normal range; the range for venoushaematocrit is taken from Dacie &Lewis (1963) and that for plasma volume is taken from Gibson & Physical examination. We retrospectively analysed the results of EST in 228 patients. Up to 3% of normal, thin, people have a palpable spleen. In spite of this, and the continual standardization of test result formats, publications of reference guidelines, the improvements of laboratory (lab) technologies, and the advancements in hematology instrumentations 1-7, the methods of reporting or grading abnormal red blood cell morphology (RBC‐M) still vary among laboratories everywhere 8, 9. Hypersplenism & Leukocytosis & Secondary Amyloidosis Symptom Checker: Possible causes include Rheumatoid Arthritis. In some cases hypersplenism may also be responsible for mild anaemia [1–3]. The following abnormal lab results may be seen in patients with acute mononucleosis except. Hypersplenism is defined as one or more blood cytopenias in the setting of splenomegaly. [from HPO] Term Hierarchy. Individuals may also bleed unexpectedly and heavily from the nose or other mucous membranes, and from the gastrointestinal or urinary tracts. Von Willibrands, NSAIA, Liver/kidney disease. Hypersplenism is a condition in which the spleen becomes increa singly active and then ra pidly r emoves the blood. Mostly these are due to acute blood loss. However, coeliac disease itself is known to be associated with an increased incidence of autoimmunity. In cases of secondary hypersplenism, the underlying disease must be treated to prevent further sequestration or destruction of blood cells, and possible spleen enlargement. In severe cases, the spleen must be removed. After splenectomy, patients are particularly susceptible to severe sepsis with encapsulated microorganisms and are often given daily prophylactic antibiotics such as penicillin, amoxicillin, or erythromycin, particularly when they have regular contact with children. Evaluation is similar to that of splenomegaly. The peripheral blood smear shows normal-looking RBCs and normal RBCs indices. Zhu JH, Wang YD, Ye ZY, Zhao T, Zhu YW, Xie ZJ, et al. Hypersplenism is a type of disorder which causes the spleen to rapidly and prematurely destroy blood cells. * The spleen may be up to 30 times larger than normal. Which of the following sickle cell crises occurs when marrow erythropoiesis slows during an acute infection with human parvovirus? A nurse is checking lab results and notices that a relatively healthy patient has a platelet count of 610,000/mm3. Hemolytic anemia results from the premature destruction of the peripheral blood RBCs. How should the nurse prepare a patient who is to receive a Schilling test for pernicious anemia? 2. verify here. Beta thalassemia major causes hemolytic anemia, poor growth, and skeletal abnormalities during infancy. The indications for splenectomy or radiation therapy in hypersplenism are detailed below (see table Indications for Splenectomy or Radiation Therapy in Hypersplenism). Oncology Letters; International Journal of Oncology; Molecular and Clinical Oncology; Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine; International Journal of Molecular The present report concerns a 6-year-old boy with sickle cell anemia demonstrating this unusual association. In chronic liver diseases, splenomegaly and hypersplenism can manifest following the development of portal hypertension. Hypersplenism, secondary to portal hypertension, is commonly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic patients, resulting in anemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia[1-3].Given the poor preoperative situation, increased surgical risks and poor long-term survival, hypersplenism is considered a contraindication for HCC patients undergoing liver resection[4-6]. What differentiates hypersplenism is its premature destruction of blood cells. cells. Almost any process involving the spleen or the hematologic system can result in hypersplenism: Infectious. Talk to our Chatbot to narrow down your search. Hypersplenism was found in 5-Minute Clinical Consult. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism should not be confused. Diagnosis of hypersplenism begins with review of symptoms and patient history, and careful feeling palpation of the spleen. Low Levels. The RBCs produced by the bone marrow are normal, but the number of RBCs in the circulation is reduced in number because of so many reasons. Hypersplenism is a type of disorder which causes the spleen to rapidly and prematurely destroy blood cells. Reference ranges. Reticulocytosis is usual. However, the tip of the spleen may be palpable in a newborn baby up to three months of age. An increase in the size of the spleen can be caused by several mechanisms. Stage the disease; Show response to treatment. Many disorders can make the spleen enlarge. Hypersplenism or enlarged spleen can occur due to a variety of reasons such as viral infections, metabolic disorders, trauma to the spleen, etc. Evaluation is similar to that of splenomegaly . Prognosis depends on the underlying cause and progression of the disease. Splenomegaly increases the spleen’s mechanical filtering and destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) and often of white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets. The vessel system of an enlarged spleen can be of considerable size. The diagnosis is occasionally recognized after splenectomy. Compensatory bone marrow hyperplasia occurs in those cell lines that are reduced in the circulation. NCLEX will not give you values that are within normal range. Report of Case The patient is a 6-year-old Negro male born Oct 18, 1957. However, if hypersplenism is the only serious manifestation of the disorder (eg, Gaucher disease), splenic ablation by splenectomy or radiation therapy may be indicated. Hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia are common complications of liver cirrhosis or thalassemia, but current treatment strategies are limited. To show the incidence of an expanded plasma volume in patients with cirrhosis. © 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA), © 2021 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA, Indications for Splenectomy or Radiation Therapy in Hypersplenism, Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders. Expected ranges used in lab … Last full review/revision Dec 2019| Content last modified Dec 2019. Hypersplenism can occur with moderate or minimal splenic enlargement as a result of exaggerated removal of physically abnormal (e.g., as in hereditary spherocytosis) or antibody-coated blood cells (e.g., as in autoimmune hemolytic anemia). NURS 6560 Final Exam Study Guide Liver Biliary Tract Pancreas Spleen Resection of the liver and regeneration and follow up labs pp 546-548 Types of Hepatic Resections: anatomical based on segmental liver anatomy and Follow Up Labs after Resection: Complications post op resection: include perihepatic fluid collectiaons which may require drainage hepatic insufficiency hyperbilirubinemia … Splenectomy will correct the effects of low blood cell concentrations in the blood. After the biopsy specimen or aspirate is sent to the lab, results come out: To confirm or contradict the diagnosis. A malfunctioning of the spleen in which it prematurely destroys red blood cells. Hemolytic syndromes in which splenomegaly further shortens the survival of intrinsically abnormal red blood cells, Mechanical encroachment on other abdominal organs, Severe pancytopenia associated with massive splenomegaly, Bleeding esophageal varices associated with excessive splenic venous return. Hypersplenism usually is the result of an identifiable pathologic process, but rarely, the cause of the splenomegaly remains elusive, and the hypersplenism is termed primary. Next: Findings in Hypersplenism. Lab tests are used to help confirm a diagnosis, monitor an illness, and the patient’s response to treatment. Many conditions — including infections, liver disease and some cancers — can cause an enlarged spleen, also known as splenomegaly (spleh-no-MEG-uh-lee). Left untreated, spleen enlargement can lead to serious complications. In cases of hypersplenism, this normal function accelerates, and the spleen begins to automatically remove cells that may still be normal in function. Hypersplenism is a secondary process that can arise from splenomegaly of almost any cause (see table Common Causes of Splenomegaly). Hypersplenism is a condition in which the spleen is overactive and removes too many blood cells from your bloodstream. Examples of disease that might be examined with biopsy include infiltrative diseases, such as Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease, amyloidosis, Tangier disease, and glycogen-storage diseases. Hypersplenism is cytopenia caused by splenomegaly. A lab that suspects its instrument has a clogged aperture that will not clear should discontinue use of the analyzer and contact the Beckman Coulter customer support center to request service. A normal result doesn’t mean that there is no abnormal red blood cell destruction. The most common is the blue-top tube, the specimen must be tested within 4 hours of collection and is usually packed in ice and delivered to the lab quickly. Lab tests determine the patient has anemia due to the cancer. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe documented on the chart? Our results demonstrated again that LS is safe and feasible in patients with PHT. Lab Hematol 34: 525-5 32, 2012. Normal MCHC. Tuberculosis; Brucellosis; Malaria How should the nurse respond? The greatest proportion of total body iron is located in the: 3. Abnormal labs for pts with acute mono include: Hypersplenism & Poikilocytosis Symptom Checker: Possible causes include Primary Myelofibrosis. Applying the coding concept from ICD-10-CM guideline I.C.2.c.l, what ICD-10-CM codes should be reported for the visit? 3. 1-6. Liver test results are diffusely abnormal in congestive splenomegaly with cirrhosis; an isolated elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase suggests hepatic infiltration, as in myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders, miliary tuberculosis, and chronic fungal … Treatment is directed at the underlying disorder. Splenomegaly increases the spleen’s mechanical filtering and destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) and often of white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets. Description The spleen is located in the upper left area of the abdomen.
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